地理资源分析支持系统 (GRASS)：不仅仅是一个地图绘制工具

g · 作者：Stephan Holl、Helena Mitasova 和 Markus Neteler

wget ftp://ftp.gdal.org/gdal/gdal-1.3.1.tar.gz 
tar xvfz gdal-1.3.1.tar.gz cd gdal-1.3.1 
./configure 

--with-oci=/path/to/oci-library 
make 
make install

ogrinfo --formats 
Loaded OGR Format Drivers:
-> "ESRI Shapefile" (read/write) 
[...]
-> "SQLite" (read/write) 
-> "ODBC" (read/write) 
-> "OCI" (read/write) 
-> "OGDI" (readonly) 
-> "PostgreSQL" (read/write) 
[...]

wget http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/snapshot/grass-6.1.cvs_src_snapshot_[date].tar.gz 
tar xvfz grass-6.1.cvs_src_snapshot_[date].tar.gz 
cd grass-6.1.cvs 
./configure \ 
[...] --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \ 
--with-proj
make 
make install

export ORACLE_HOME=/path/to/oracle-installation
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/path/to/oracle-installation" >> ~/.bashrc
ogrinfo -summary -ro "OCI:user/pw@db_instance"
cd $HOME
mkdir grassdata
cd grassdata
wget http://grass.itc.it/sampledata/spearfish_grass60data.tar.gz
tar xvfz spearfish_grass60data.tar.gz

d.*
 d.vect、d.what.rast 
db.*
 db.select、db.copy 
g.*
 g.remove、g.proj 
i.*
 i.rectify、i.fft 
ps.*
 ps.map 
r.*
 r.buffer、r.cost 
r3.*
 r3.mapcalc、r3.out.vtkv.*
v.net、v.digit
grass61
Welcome to GRASS 6.1.cvs (2006)
GRASS homepage:	http://grass.itc.it/
This version running through:		Bash Shell (/bin/bash)
Help is available with the command:			g.manual -i
See the license terms with:	g.version -c
If required, restart the graphical user interface with:d.m &
When ready to quit enter:		exit
GRASS 6.1.cvs (spearfish60):~ >

grass61 /home/user1/grassdata/spearfish60/user1
g.manual -i
d.rast -help
g.list rast 
g.list vect 
g.proj -w 
g.region -p

# set the current spatial extent to the extent of the elevation raster map 
g.region rast=elevation.dem -p


# start a graphic-monitor and display raster digital elevation model (DEM), 
# and roads (vector line data) 
d.mon x0 
d.rast elevation.dem d.vect roads

nviz elevation=elevation.dem vector=roads
# compute and display slope and aspect (terrain orientation) maps 
r.slope.aspect elevation=elevation.dem slope=myslope aspect=myaspect 
d.rast myslope 
d.rast myaspect

# extract and display stream network and basins 
r.watershed elevation=elevation.dem basin=mybasins \
stream=mystreams threshold=1000 
d.rast mystreams 
d.rast mybasins

# convert the raster stream map to vector line representation 
# and create an attribute table to store stream length attributes 
r.thin in=mystreams out=mystreams_thinned 
r.to.vect -s in=mystreams_thinned out=streams_vector 
v.db.addtable map=streams_vector table=streams_vector col="length int" 
d.vect streams_vector width=2

# create a new vector map with new categories added (vector IDs) 
# in this step an ID and table row is added to each vector line: 
v.category in=streams_vector out=streams_vector2 op=add 
v.to.db map=streams_vector2 op=cat column=cat 

# verify that all IDs appear: 
v.db.select streams_vector2

# populate stream segment length to DB and display the length values on the map 
v.to.db map=streams_vector2 option=length column=length units=me 
v.db.select streams_vector2 
d.vect streams_vector2 
d.vect streams_vector2 display=attr attrcol=length

# optionally you can view the new basin and stream maps draped over terrain 
# in 3D space 

nviz elevation.dem color=mybasins vect=streams_vector2

# clean up 
g.copy vect=streams_vector2,streams_final 
g.mremove vect="streams_vector*"

# store resulting stream-vectors in Oracle 
v.out.ogr in=streams_final format=OCI dsn="OCI:user/pw@db_instance" \
olayer=streams_oracle

# verification 
ogrinfo -summary -ro "OCI:user/pw@db_instance" streams_oracle

# calculate intersection between landowners and stream-segments resulting in
# a new data set  streams_fields
v.overlay ain=streams_final atype=line bin=fields out=streams_fields operator=and

# add another column for segment-length per landowner
v.db.addcol streams_fields col="length int"

# add length to the newly created segments per fields
v.to.db map=streams_fields option=length column=length units=me

# add another column for accumulated segment-length per landowner
v.db.addcol streams_fields col="acclength int"

# export your intersected data set into Oracle
v.out.ogr in=streams_fields format=OCI dsn="OCI:user/pw@db_instance" \
olayer=streams_fields_oracle

echo "UPDATE streams_fields_oracle SET \"OGR_FID\" = \"cat\";" \
| sqlplus user/pw@db_instance

# grab the minimum/maximum of category numbers from fields for updating the 
# segments
v.univar fields col=cat

# update the accumulated length for each landowner
for i in `seq 1 63`; do \
echo "UPDATE streams_fields_oracle SET \"acclength\" = \
(SELECT sum(\"length\") FROM streams_fields_oracle WHERE \"b_cat\"= $i) \
WHERE \"cat\" = (SELECT \"cat\" FROM streams_fields_oracle WHERE \"b_cat\"= $i \
AND rownum = 1);" >> /tmp/acclength.sql ; \
done

# update SQL in oracle
cat /tmp/acclength.sql | sqlplus user/pw@db_instance

# set the accumulated length to all related stream segments per landowner
for i in `seq 1 63`; do \
echo "UPDATE streams_fields_oracle SET \"acclength\" = (SELECT \
\"acclength\" FROM streams_fields_oracle WHERE \"b_cat\"=$i AND rownum = 1) \
WHERE \"acclength\" = 0 AND \"b_cat\" = $i;" >> /tmp/acclength_all.sql ;\
done

# update SQL for all stream segments
cat /tmp/acclength_all.sql | sqlplus user/pw@db_instance

# re-link your modified data from Oracle back into GRASS 
v.external dsn=OCI:user/pw@db_instance out=streams_fields_external \
layer=streams_fields_oracle


# display the streams with over 2000m of accumulated length for a landowner
# in red with less than 2000m length in green along with the property
# boundaries (field) and basins
d.rast mybasins -o
d.vect fields type=boundary,centroid att=label lsize=10 xref=left \
yref=bottom display=shape,attr type=point,line,boundary,centroid size=1 \
layer=1 color=0:0:0 lcolor=0:0:0 fcolor=170:170:170 llayer=1 icon=basic/x 
d.vect streams_fields_external width=3 where="\"acclength\" >= 2000 AND \
\"b_label\" != 'Black Hills Natl.Forest' " col=red
d.vect streams_fields_external width=3 where="\"acclength\" < 2000 OR \
\"b_label\" = 'Black Hills Natl.Forest' " col=green

# display table
v.db.select streams_fields_external col=\"acclength\",\"b_label\" \
where="\"acclength\" >= 2000" |sort -nu

# cleanup
rm -f /tmp/acclength*

# exit GRASS
exit

地理资源分析支持系统 (GRASS)：不仅仅是一个地图绘制工具

通过连接到外部数据库，您可以使用开放源代码的 GRASS GIS 工具编译复杂的地理空间应用程序。